Kynance Gate Settlement

Kynance Gate is a prehistoric stone hut circle settlement near Kynance Cove on the Lizard Peninsula. It stands around a rocky spur on the north western side of the steep valley leading down to the cove. The site includes two main groups of stone hut circles, with small adjoining fields defined by stone walls. Together, these remains form an important example of later prehistoric settlement and land use in this coastal landscape. The north eastern group contains at least seven circular or slightly oval hut circles. Each averages around 9 metres across, with surviving walls up to 0.4 metres high. Several of the huts have small attached enclosures, suggesting that domestic space, storage, livestock management, or craft activity may have been organised around individual buildings. The arrangement shows that the settlement was not simply a scatter of huts, but a structured place with buildings connected to working areas. The south western group contains at least nine circular or oval hut circles. These were built with thick double faced walls and are connected by boundaries forming at least three enclosures. Every building in this group stands on a raised terraced platform, showing careful preparation of the ground before construction. This part of the settlement appears to have been especially well planned, with houses, boundaries, and enclosed spaces arranged to fit the slope and rocky terrain. The site was first recorded by the Ordnance Survey around 1880. In 1896, a heath fire exposed more of the settlement, leading members of the Royal Institution of Cornwall to carry out a partial excavation of one hut. Further excavations took place between 1952 and 1963 under Ivor Thomas and the Lizard Field Club. These investigations focused mainly on the southern group, although one excavation was also carried out in the northern group in 1954. The excavations produced more than 2,000 sherds of Middle Bronze Age pottery, along with stone tools, flints, and fragments of clay moulds used for casting bronze axes. Archaeologists also found occupation debris, post holes, paving, and hearths. These finds show that the site began in the Middle Bronze Age, was later abandoned for a time, and was then reoccupied and expanded during the Iron Age. Activity continued into the Romano British period, when oval buildings were added. A current project is reassessing and preparing the excavation results for publication, supported by the Farming in Protected Landscape scheme, the Tanner Phoenix Trust, the Monumental Improvement project, and Natural England.
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